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Articles

Study guides, historical commentary, and theological reflection on the Nicene Creed.

Allnicene creedtrinitytheologychurch historyariusarianismrecommended booksstudy guideapostles creedathanasian creedchalcedonian creedaugsburg confessionbelgic confessionwestminster confessionanglicanlutheranreformedmethodistbeginnerchristologyecclesiologyfilioquegreat schismcouncilsworshipliturgychurch practicecouncil of nicaeasalvation
nicene creed
Byzantine mosaic portrait of Gregory of Nazianzus holding a scroll in a golden domed church

Gregory of Nazianzus: The Theologian Who Shaped the Final Nicene Formula

Gregory of Nazianzus — called 'The Theologian' — shaped the Holy Spirit section of the Nicene Creed at the Council of Constantinople in 381. His Five Theological Orations remain a landmark of patristic thought.

Rev. C•D•F• Warrington, M.Div.

By Rev. C•D•F• Warrington, M.Div.

Ordained Minister, M.Div.

Date

July 6, 2026

nicene creed
A Byzantine-style depiction of a dove descending over a council gathering, representing the Second Council of Constantinople's affirmation of the Holy Spirit

The Second Council of Constantinople (381): Completing the Nicene Creed

The Council of Nicaea defined the Son's divinity but left the Spirit's status open. In 381, Constantinople completed the creed by affirming the full divinity of the Holy Spirit.

Rev. C•D•F• Warrington, M.Div.

By Rev. C•D•F• Warrington, M.Div.

Ordained Minister, M.Div.

Date

June 22, 2026